OSP Launches Dual Investigations into Political Primaries

The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) in Ghana has launched two separate investigations into political party primaries. The OSP announced it is investigating the New Patriotic Party (NPP) presidential primaries held on January 31, 2026. It also initiated a real-time investigation into the National Democratic Congress (NDC) parliamentary primaries in the Ayawaso East constituency. Both probes focus on allegations of vote buying, vote selling, and the sources of funding for these activities. The OSP made this announcement on March 15, 2026. The investigations mark the first time Ghana's anti-corruption agency has targeted internal party elections with such scrutiny.

Scope and Timing of the Probes

The NPP presidential primaries investigation covers the entire national contest that selected the party's flagbearer for the 2028 general elections. The NDC parliamentary primaries investigation is currently limited to the Ayawaso East constituency in Accra. The OSP stated it began monitoring the NDC primaries as they occurred. This real-time approach suggests the agency had prior intelligence about potential misconduct. The OSP has not disclosed specific suspects or evidence yet. It has requested cooperation from both political parties and relevant individuals. The investigations could take several months to complete based on previous OSP timelines.

Legal Framework and Enforcement Powers

The OSP operates under the Office of the Special Prosecutor Act, 2017 (Act 959). This law grants the agency broad powers to investigate and prosecute corruption cases. The OSP can subpoena documents, freeze assets, and make arrests. For these investigations, the OSP is likely examining violations of Ghana's Political Parties Act, 2000 (Act 574). This act regulates party financing and prohibits vote buying. Penalties for violations include fines up to GH₵50,000 (approximately $3,500 USD) and potential disqualification of candidates. The OSP may also pursue charges under the Criminal Offences Act for bribery and corruption.

Why It Matters

These investigations matter because they target corruption at the root of Ghana's political system. Political primaries determine who leads major parties and becomes eligible for high office. Vote buying distorts this process by favoring wealthy candidates over qualified ones. It also increases campaign costs, which can lead to corruption once candidates win office. Ghana's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index score was 43 out of 100, placing it 70th globally. This indicates persistent corruption challenges. The OSP's actions signal a new enforcement priority that could improve political accountability. Investors often view anti-corruption efforts as positive for market stability and governance.

Impact on Ghana's Political Landscape

The investigations could reshape Ghana's political dynamics ahead of the 2028 elections. Both the NPP and NDC are Ghana's two dominant parties. They have alternated power since 1992. Any findings of wrongdoing might force party reforms or candidate disqualifications. This could create uncertainty in political leadership. Past corruption cases in Ghana have taken years to resolve. For example, the OSP's 2022 investigation into former Minister Cecilia Dapaah's assets is still ongoing. The current probes may face similar delays due to legal challenges and evidence collection. Political analysts note that Ghana's 2024 general elections saw record campaign spending estimated at GH₵1.2 billion ($85 million USD).

What Businesses Should Watch

Businesses operating in Ghana should monitor several key developments. First, watch for any asset freezes or sanctions against individuals involved. The OSP has authority to seize assets suspected of being proceeds of corruption. Second, note potential disruptions to government contracts or policies if high-profile politicians are implicated. Third, observe market reactions to political uncertainty. Ghana's stock exchange (GSE) has shown volatility during past corruption scandals. The GSE Composite Index fell 2.5% in 2023 amid several high-profile investigations. Companies like MTN Ghana, AngloGold Ashanti, and Ghana Commercial Bank are sensitive to governance issues. Fourth, track changes in anti-corruption enforcement that might affect compliance costs. The OSP has increased its budget to GH₵85 million ($6 million USD) for 2026.

Broader Economic Implications

Corruption investigations can influence Ghana's economic environment. The World Bank estimates corruption costs Ghana up to 3% of GDP annually. Effective enforcement might improve business confidence and attract foreign investment. Ghana's foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows were $1.5 billion in 2023, according to the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre. However, prolonged investigations could create political instability that deters investors. Ghana's cedi depreciated 15% against the dollar in 2024, partly due to governance concerns. The Bank of Ghana maintains inflation targeting, with current rates around 18%. The OSP's work might support monetary stability by addressing root causes of fiscal leakage.

Next Steps and Timeline

The OSP has not set a public deadline for completing these investigations. Based on precedent, initial findings might emerge within six months. The agency will likely issue interim reports or press statements as it progresses. Key milestones include potential arrests, asset seizures, or formal charges. Businesses should prepare for possible operational impacts if suppliers or partners are implicated. The Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) might collaborate with the OSP on financial tracing. Companies should ensure strict compliance with anti-bribery laws like Ghana's Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2020 (Act 1044). Regular audits and due diligence on political exposures are advisable. The OSP's actions reflect a growing global trend of targeting political finance corruption, similar to efforts in Kenya and Nigeria.